Property Name |
Property Value |
Unit |
Raw Value |
Raw Unit |
Annotation |
Factor |
Reference |
Bioavailability |
80.0 |
% |
75-85 |
% |
|
|
DRUGBANK |
Bioavailability |
70.0 |
% |
>70 |
% |
PO, oral; |
|
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
C Max |
1900.0 |
ng/ml |
1.9±0.3 |
mcg/ml |
PO, oral; extended release formulation; |
|
DRUGBANK |
C Max |
11000.0 |
ng/ml |
11.0±2.5 |
mcg/ml |
Oral multiple dose; |
|
DRUGBANK |
C Max |
9300.0 |
ng/ml |
9.3(2-18) |
mcg/ml |
PO, oral; immediate release formulation; adults; epilepsy; |
|
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
T Max |
19.0 |
h |
19±7 |
h |
PO, oral; extended release formulation; |
|
DRUGBANK |
T Max |
5.9 |
h |
5.9±1.8 |
h |
Oral multiple dose; |
|
DRUGBANK |
T Max |
6.0 |
h |
4-8 |
h |
PO, oral; immediate release formulation; adults; epilepsy; |
|
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Clearance |
1.5 |
L/h |
25±5 |
ml/min |
Total clearance; Oral single dose; |
|
DRUGBANK |
Clearance |
4.8 |
L/h |
80±30 |
ml/min |
Total clearance; Oral multiple dose; |
|
DRUGBANK |
Clearance |
0.90 |
L/h/kg |
13±0.5 |
ml/min/kg |
|
Children → ;Elderly → ;Preg, pregnant ↑ ;Somking → ; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Volume of Distribution |
1.1 |
L/kg |
0.7-1.4 |
L/kg |
|
|
DRUGBANK |
Volume of Distribution |
1.4 |
L/kg |
1.4±0.4 |
L/kg |
|
Neonates → ;Children → ;Elderly → ; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Half-life |
37.5 |
h |
35-40 |
h |
Single dose; elimination half-life; extended release formulation; |
|
DRUGBANK |
Half-life |
14.5 |
h |
12-17 |
h |
Multiple dose; |
|
DRUGBANK |
Half-life |
31.9 |
h |
27-36.8 |
h |
elimination half-life; normal,healthy; |
|
DRUGBANK |
Half-life |
15.0 |
h |
15±5 |
h |
Oral multiple dose; |
Children → ;Neonates → ;Age → ; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Toxicity LD50 |
1957.0 |
mg/kg |
1957.0 |
mg/kg |
PO, oral; Rattus, Rat; |
|
DRUGBANK |
Toxicity LDLo |
228480.0 |
mg/kg/day |
1920.0 |
mg/kg/17W |
Female, women; |
|
DRUGBANK |
Toxicity LDLo |
486.0 |
mg/kg/day |
54.0 |
mg/kg/9D |
Male, men; |
|
DRUGBANK |
Eliminate Route |
72.0 |
% |
72 |
% |
Urinary excretion; PO, oral; |
|
DRUGBANK |
Eliminate Route |
28.0 |
% |
28 |
% |
Faeces excretion; PO, oral; |
|
DRUGBANK |
Eliminate Route |
1.0 |
% |
<1 |
% |
Urinary excretion; Unchanged drug; |
|
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Protein Binding |
77.5 |
% |
75-80 |
% |
plasma proteins; |
|
DRUGBANK |
Protein Binding |
74.0 |
% |
74±3 |
% |
|
Preg, pregnant → ;RD, renal impairment, Renal disease,including uremia → ;Hepatic cirrhosis, cirr → ; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |