Property Name |
Property Value |
Unit |
Raw Value |
Raw Unit |
Annotation |
Reference |
AUC |
86.0 |
ng.h/ml |
50.4-121.5 |
ng.h/ml |
Children; Drug form; |
DRUGBANK |
Bioavailability |
30.0 |
% |
30(11-52) |
% |
Tablet, PO, oral; immediate release formulation; Drug form; |
DRUGBANK |
Bioavailability |
22.0 |
% |
22±8 |
% |
PO, oral; Raceme D; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Bioavailability |
5.0 |
% |
5±3 |
% |
PO, oral; Raceme L; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
C Max |
10.5 |
ng/ml |
6-15 |
ng/ml |
Children; Drug form; |
DRUGBANK |
C Max |
7.8 |
ng/ml |
7.8 |
ng/ml |
PO, oral; Children; Drug form; |
DRUGBANK |
C Max |
10.8 |
ng/ml |
10.8 |
ng/ml |
PO, oral; adults; Drug form; |
DRUGBANK |
C Max |
18.0 |
ng/ml |
18±4.3 |
ng/ml |
Oral single dose; Raceme D; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
C Max |
3.0 |
ng/ml |
3.0±0.9 |
ng/ml |
Oral single dose; Raceme L; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
T Max |
8.0 |
h |
6-10 |
h |
PO, oral; Drug form; |
DRUGBANK |
T Max |
8.8 |
h |
8.1-9.4 |
h |
Children; Drug form; |
DRUGBANK |
T Max |
2.0 |
h |
1-3 |
h |
PO, oral; Drug form; |
DRUGBANK |
T Max |
2.4 |
h |
2.4±0.8 |
h |
Oral single dose; Raceme D; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
T Max |
2.1 |
h |
2.1±0.6 |
h |
Oral single dose; Raceme L; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Clearance |
10.2 |
L/h/kg |
10.2 |
L/h/kg |
Average clearance; PO, oral; Children; adults; |
DRUGBANK |
Clearance |
0.57 |
L/h/kg |
0.565 |
L/h/kg |
Average clearance; intravenous injection, IV; normal,healthy; adults; |
DRUGBANK |
Clearance |
0.40 |
L/h/kg |
6.7±2.0 |
ml/min/kg |
normal,healthy; adults; Male, men; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Clearance |
0.72 |
L/h/kg |
12±4.7 |
ml/min/kg |
normal,healthy; adults; Male, men; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Clearance |
0.57 |
L/h/kg |
9.42 |
ml/min/kg |
intravenous injection, IV; human, homo sapiens; |
Human Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Dataset |
Volume of Distribution |
20.0 |
L/kg |
~20 |
L/kg |
Apparent volume of distribution; Children; |
DRUGBANK |
Volume of Distribution |
2.2 |
L/kg |
2.23 |
L/kg |
intravenous injection, IV; normal,healthy; adults; |
DRUGBANK |
Volume of Distribution |
2.7 |
L/kg |
2.7±1.1 |
L/kg |
normal,healthy; adults; Male, men; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Volume of Distribution |
1.8 |
L/kg |
1.8±0.9 |
L/kg |
normal,healthy; adults; Male, men; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Volume of Distribution |
2.2 |
L/kg |
2.2 |
L/kg |
intravenous injection, IV; human, homo sapiens; |
Human Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Dataset |
Half-life |
3.5 |
h |
~3.5 |
h |
adults; |
DRUGBANK |
Half-life |
2.4 |
h |
2.4 |
h |
elimination half-life; Children; |
DRUGBANK |
Half-life |
2.1 |
h |
2.1 |
h |
elimination half-life; adults; |
DRUGBANK |
Half-life |
2.4 |
h |
2.4 |
h |
elimination half-life; Children; immediate release formulation; |
DRUGBANK |
Half-life |
2.1 |
h |
2.1 |
h |
elimination half-life; adults; immediate release formulation; |
DRUGBANK |
Half-life |
6.0 |
h |
6.0±1.7 |
h |
Raceme D; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Half-life |
2.2 |
h |
2.2 |
h |
|
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Half-life |
3.6 |
h |
3.6±1.1 |
h |
Raceme D/L; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Half-life |
4.8 |
h |
4.8 |
h |
intravenous injection, IV; human, homo sapiens; |
Human Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Dataset |
Toxicity LD50 |
190.0 |
mg/kg |
190.0 |
mg/kg |
PO, oral; mouse; |
DRUGBANK |
Toxicity LD50 |
190.0 |
mg/kg |
190.0 |
mg/kg |
PO, oral; mouse; |
T3DB |
Eliminate Route |
87.5 |
% |
78-97 |
% |
Urinary excretion; PO, oral; immediate release formulation; |
DRUGBANK |
Eliminate Route |
2.0 |
% |
1-3 |
% |
Faeces excretion; PO, oral; immediate release formulation; |
DRUGBANK |
Eliminate Route |
1.0 |
% |
<1 |
% |
Urinary excretion; Unchanged drug; |
DRUGBANK |
Eliminate Route |
1.3 |
% |
1.3±0.5 |
% |
Urinary excretion; Raceme D; adults; Male, men; normal,healthy; human, homo sapiens; Unchanged drug; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Eliminate Route |
0.60 |
% |
0.6±0.3 |
% |
Urinary excretion; Raceme D/L; adults; Male, men; normal,healthy; human, homo sapiens; Unchanged drug; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |
Protein Binding |
15.0 |
% |
15±5 |
% |
plasma proteins; |
DRUGBANK |
Protein Binding |
15.5 |
% |
15-16 |
% |
Raceme D; Raceme D/L; |
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |